1830, Reval (Estland Province) - 1908, St Petersburg

Painter, author of paintings on religious and historical subjects, monumental artist. Studied under Fidelio Bruni at the Imperial Academy of Arts (1844-1853). Fellow of the Imperial Academy of Arts in Italy (1853-1862). Contributed to exhibitions (from 1852). Academician (from 1860). Painted murals for the Church of Christ the Saviour in Moscow (1870s). Taught at the Imperial Academy of Arts (1862), professor (from 1862).